The aetiology of COPD is due to complex interactions between environmental factors (particularly cigarette smoking) and genetic factors. The burden of COPD is projected to increase in the coming decades due to continued exposure to COPD risk factors and the changing age structure of the world population ( 1). Age-standardised DALY rates due to COPD decreased of 43.7% in 2015 compared to 1990, mostly in countries with high-middle SDI ( 2). The burden of COPD estimated in 63.9 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) represented 2.6% of entire global burden of disease (GBD) in 2015 and COPD ranked eighth among the 315 GBD causes in 2015. ![]() ![]() The mortality from COPD worldwide in 2015 increase of 11.6% compared with 1990, despite a decrease in the age-standardised death rate of 41.9% ( 2). From 1990 to 2015, the all-age prevalence of COPD increased by 44.2% and the age-standardised prevalence decreased by 14.7%. COPD is currently a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide affecting an estimated 174.5 million people in the world and accounting for more than three million deaths annually ( 2). We should not ignore that some of the most deadly neoplasms are arising from stem cells.Ĭhronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a “preventable and treatable disease that is characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases” ( 1). Moreover, the potential side effects of stem cell therapy are underestimated. Although stem cells would be likely to represent a heterogeneous population of cells, the different cell subsets and their importance in the pathogenesis of the different clinical phenotypes need to be fully characterised before progressing to clinical trials. As of now, stem cell therapy is still to be considered as an area of active research, lacking any strong rationale for performing clinical trials in COPD. In the future, stem cell therapy could be a treatment for this incurable disease. ![]() Before progress to clinical trials with stem cells we strongly believe that more human translational studies are essential, otherwise, the clinical rationale would be solely based on limited in vitro and animal studies. There are only few human translational studies performed in the area of stem cell research in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or pulmonary emphysema.
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